What Is a Field Sobriety Test Card?
Definition and Purpose
A field sobriety test card is a compact, portable document that summarizes the instructions and evaluation criteria for administering standardized sobriety tests. These cards are designed to assist officers in conducting tests consistently and accurately, ensuring that the results are objective and defensible in legal contexts. The primary purpose of the card is to:
- Provide clear, concise instructions for each test
- Standardize the administration process
- Record observations systematically
- Minimize errors or biases during assessment
Types of Field Sobriety Tests Covered
Most field sobriety test cards include information on the three primary standardized tests approved by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA):
- Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN)
- Walk-and-Turn (WAT)
- One-Leg Stand (OLS)
Some cards may also incorporate additional or non-standard tests, but these three are the most universally recognized and validated for DUI detection.
Components of a Field Sobriety Test Card
A typical field sobriety test card is organized into sections, each dedicated to a specific test. Common components include:
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN)
- Instructions for the officer:
- Ensure the suspect is in a well-lit area
- Use a pen, stimulus, or flashlight to assess eye movement
- Keep the stimulus at a 45-degree angle to the suspect’s line of sight
- Evaluation criteria:
- Equal tracking
- Distinct jerking at maximum deviation
- Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees
Walk-and-Turn (WAT)
- Instructions for the suspect:
- Place one foot on the line and keep it there
- Place the other foot directly in front, heel to toe
- Take nine heel-to-toe steps along the line
- Turn around carefully and take nine steps back
- Observations to record:
- Balance during instructions
- Start and stop points
- Number of steps taken
- Loss of balance or stepping off the line
One-Leg Stand (OLS)
- Instructions for the suspect:
- Stand with feet together
- Lift one foot approximately six inches off the ground
- Keep the foot parallel to the ground
- Count aloud in thousands (e.g., "one thousand one, one thousand two")
- Maintain balance until instructed to put the foot down
- Observation points:
- Balance
- Swaying
- Using arms for balance
- Putting foot down
Additional Sections
- Observation notes: Space for officers to record any behaviors or symptoms observed
- Scoring criteria: Clear indicators of impairment based on performance
- Legal notes: Reminders about proper administration and documentation
How Field Sobriety Test Cards Are Used in Practice
During a Traffic Stop
When an officer suspects a driver is intoxicated, they may request the driver to perform field sobriety tests. The officer then:
1. Explains each test, often using the instructions on the card
2. Demonstrates if necessary
3. Observes the suspect’s performance
4. Records observations systematically on the card
Ensuring Standardization and Fairness
Using a field sobriety test card helps officers:
- Administer tests uniformly across different individuals and situations
- Minimize subjective judgment
- Maintain consistency with established protocols
- Provide documented evidence supporting their assessment
Recording Observations and Results
The card typically includes space for detailed notes on the suspect’s behavior, physical cues, and performance errors. These notes are critical for prosecutors and defense attorneys during legal proceedings.
Legal Significance of a Field Sobriety Test Card
Evidence in Court
A properly filled out field sobriety test card can serve as valuable evidence in DUI cases. It demonstrates that:
- The tests were administered according to standardized procedures
- The observations are documented objectively
- The officer’s assessment aligns with established protocols
Challenges and Defense Arguments
Defense attorneys may scrutinize the use of the test card, questioning:
- Proper administration
- Observational accuracy
- Environmental factors affecting performance
- The officer’s training and adherence to protocol
In some cases, inconsistencies or errors in the use of the test card can be grounds for challenging the evidence.
Best Practices for Officers
To ensure the integrity of the evidence, officers should:
- Fully understand the content and instructions of the test card
- Administer tests in well-lit, safe conditions
- Avoid giving cues or assistance
- Record all observations meticulously
- Follow the guidelines for each test precisely
Best Practices for Maintaining and Using a Field Sobriety Test Card
Regular Training and Updates
Officers should undergo routine training to stay current with the latest standards and protocols related to field sobriety testing. Updating test cards periodically ensures they reflect current best practices.
Proper Storage and Handling
Test cards should be kept clean, legible, and readily accessible during roadside stops. Digital versions can enhance accessibility and reduce wear and tear.
Accurate Documentation
Completing the test card immediately after administering each test minimizes memory errors. Including detailed notes about conditions, suspect behavior, and deviations from protocol enhances credibility.
Limitations and Considerations
While field sobriety test cards are invaluable tools, they are not infallible. Factors such as:
- Physical disabilities
- Age-related impairments
- Medical conditions affecting balance or eyesight
- Environmental factors like uneven surfaces or lighting
can influence test performance and may lead to false positives or negatives. Officers should consider these factors when interpreting results and supplement them with other evidence such as chemical tests.
Conclusion
A field sobriety test card is a vital component of roadside DUI assessments, providing structured guidance for officers to administer, observe, and record sobriety tests consistently. Its strategic use ensures that evaluations are standardized, objective, and legally defensible. For law enforcement, mastering the effective use of these cards enhances the accuracy of DUI investigations and supports fair legal proceedings. For individuals, understanding the role of these cards underscores the importance of fair testing practices and the potential avenues for challenging roadside assessments if procedures are not properly followed. Whether as a tool for officers or a point of reference for legal professionals, the field sobriety test card remains a cornerstone in the enforcement of traffic safety and justice.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a field sobriety test card and what information does it typically contain?
A field sobriety test card is a reference guide used by law enforcement officers that outlines the standard procedures and criteria for administering and evaluating field sobriety tests. It typically contains instructions, scoring criteria, and checkpoints for tests like the walk-and-turn, one-leg stand, and horizontal gaze nystagmus.
How can a field sobriety test card help in DUI investigations?
The card provides officers with a standardized method to assess a suspect's physical coordination and impairment levels, ensuring consistency and accuracy in evaluations, which can be crucial evidence in DUI cases.
Are field sobriety test cards legally required or standardized across jurisdictions?
While many law enforcement agencies use standardized field sobriety test cards, their use is not mandated by law. The design and contents can vary between jurisdictions, but they are commonly used as reference tools to ensure proper testing procedures.
Can a suspect challenge the validity of a field sobriety test based on the test card?
Yes, defendants can argue that the test was improperly administered or that the officer did not follow the procedures outlined on the test card, which could impact the reliability of the results in court.
Are there digital or electronic versions of field sobriety test cards available for officers?
Some agencies have transitioned to digital or mobile applications that serve as electronic versions of field sobriety test cards, offering quick access to standardized protocols and recording capabilities for documentation.
How can I obtain a copy of a field sobriety test card for educational or legal purposes?
You can request a copy from local law enforcement agencies, or look for publicly available versions online. Additionally, legal professionals and DUI defense attorneys often have access to these cards for case preparation.
