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Overview of the First Edition of Frankenstein
The first edition of Frankenstein was published in London in 1818 by Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones. It was released as a hardcover book with a distinctive binding that has become iconic among collectors. The initial publication was relatively modest, with approximately 500 copies printed, making it a rare and sought-after item today.
Mary Shelley wrote the novel during the summer of 1816, a period often called "the year without a summer" due to the volcanic ash from Mount Tambora's eruption, which led to unusual weather patterns. She completed the manuscript at the Villa Diodati near Lake Geneva, and it was first published anonymously, with Shelley’s name only added in subsequent editions.
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Historical Significance of the First Edition
The first edition of Frankenstein is pivotal for several reasons:
- Literary Milestone: It marks the debut of a story that would influence countless works in horror, science fiction, and popular culture.
- Publication Context: The 1818 edition reflects early 19th-century publishing practices and societal attitudes towards science, morality, and the supernatural.
- Authorship and Anonymity: Originally published anonymously, the first edition’s attribution to Mary Shelley was confirmed later, affecting the book’s reception and legacy.
The first edition also contains subtle differences from later editions, including textual variations and some changes in language that have become points of interest for scholars and collectors.
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Design and Physical Characteristics of the First Edition
Understanding the physical attributes of the first edition enhances its value and appeal. Here are some key features:
Cover and Binding
- Typically bound in quarter-leather over marbled boards, reflecting early 19th-century publishing styles.
- Some copies feature a gilt title on the spine.
- Variations exist depending on the publisher and binding variations over time.
Size and Layout
- The first edition is approximately 8 inches tall and 5 inches wide.
- Contains around 280 pages, though pagination may vary slightly across copies.
- Printed in octavo format, a common size for novels of that time.
Illustrations and Front Matter
- The first edition does not contain illustrations, but some copies include engraved frontispieces or initials.
- The title page prominently displays the publisher's information, along with the novel’s title and author.
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Value and Collectibility of the First Edition
Because of its rarity and cultural importance, the first edition of Frankenstein commands significant interest among collectors:
- Market Value: Pristine copies can fetch hundreds of thousands of dollars at auction. The value depends on condition, provenance, and completeness.
- Condition Factors: Factors influencing value include the integrity of the binding, absence of foxing or stains, and completeness of pages.
- Provenance and Rarity: Copies with a well-documented history or unique features are highly prized.
Some notable sales include copies sold at auction for over $180,000, emphasizing its status as one of the most valuable literary first editions.
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Differences Between First Edition and Later Editions
While many editions of Frankenstein exist, the first edition holds unique features:
Textual Variations
- The first edition contains some language and phrasing that differ from later editions.
- Certain chapters or passages may be worded differently or omitted in subsequent printings.
Cover and Binding
- Later editions often have different covers, including paperback versions, which are less collectible.
- The first edition’s binding and paper quality are distinctive and contribute to its value.
Authorship Attribution
- The first edition was published anonymously, whereas later editions explicitly credited Mary Shelley.
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How to Identify a Genuine First Edition of Frankenstein
Identifying an authentic first edition can be challenging. Here are some tips:
- Publisher’s Details: Verify the publisher as Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, London, 1818.
- Title Page: Check for the original title page with the correct publication date and publisher information.
- Printing Characteristics: Look for the octavo format, page count (~280 pages), and specific typographical features consistent with 1818 publications.
- Condition and Binding: Authentic first editions often have leather bindings with gilt details and marbled boards.
- Provenance and Documentation: Supporting documents or provenance history can authenticate a copy.
Due to the rarity, many copies in circulation are reprints or facsimiles. Consulting with rare book experts or reputable dealers is advisable when purchasing.
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Where to Find First Editions of Frankenstein
Collectors and enthusiasts can find first editions through various channels:
- Auctions: Major auction houses such as Sotheby’s and Christie’s periodically feature rare books, including Frankenstein first editions.
- Rare Book Dealers: Reputable dealers specializing in literary and historical books often have authenticated copies.
- Specialized Book Fairs: Events dedicated to rare books and manuscripts are excellent venues for discovery.
- Online Marketplaces: Websites like AbeBooks or Heritage Auctions offer listings, but buyers should exercise caution and verify authenticity.
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Preservation and Care of First Editions
Owning a first edition requires careful handling and preservation:
- Storage: Keep the book in a climate-controlled environment, away from direct sunlight and humidity.
- Handling: Use clean, dry hands or gloves when handling to prevent oils and dirt from damaging the pages.
- Protection: Store in a protective case or acid-free folder to prevent deterioration.
- Conservation: Consult professional conservators for repairs or cleaning if necessary.
Proper care ensures that the first edition remains a valuable and treasured collector’s item for generations.
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Conclusion
The frankenstein book first edition is more than just a copy of a novel; it is a piece of literary history that embodies the dawn of science fiction and Gothic horror. Its rarity, historical significance, and cultural impact make it a prized possession among collectors. Whether viewed as an investment, a scholarly resource, or a treasured artifact, owning an authentic first edition of Frankenstein offers a tangible connection to Mary Shelley’s groundbreaking work and the enduring legacy it has created. Aspiring collectors should approach with care, knowledge, and appreciation for the story behind the pages, ensuring that this literary treasure is preserved for future generations to admire and study.
Frequently Asked Questions
What makes the first edition of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley so valuable?
The first edition of Frankenstein is highly collectible due to its historical significance, limited print run, and its status as the original publication of a groundbreaking Gothic novel, making it highly sought after by collectors.
How can I identify a genuine first edition of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley?
A genuine first edition typically features the original publisher's details from 1818, the absence of later printings' added features, and often has specific binding and typographical characteristics. Consulting a rare book expert or provenance records can help verify authenticity.
How many copies of the first edition of Frankenstein were published?
Approximately 500 copies of the first edition of Frankenstein were published in 1818, making it a relatively scarce and valuable item today.
What are the key differences between the first edition of Frankenstein and later editions?
The first edition contains original text and formatting, while later editions often include revisions, edits, or added illustrations. Notably, the first edition lacks the chapter numbering found in some later versions and features specific typographical details unique to the initial printing.
Where can I find authentic first editions of Frankenstein for purchase or viewing?
Authentic first editions of Frankenstein can be found at rare book dealers, auction houses, or major libraries such as the British Library or the Morgan Library. Occasionally, they appear at major auctions like Christie's or Sotheby's.
Why is the first edition of Frankenstein considered a significant literary artifact?
As the original publication of Mary Shelley's groundbreaking novel, the first edition marks the beginning of Gothic science fiction and reflects the literary and cultural context of the early 19th century, making it a highly significant and influential work.
Are there any notable differences in cover design or binding in the first edition of Frankenstein?
Yes, the first edition typically features a simple, unadorned binding with the original publisher's cloth cover. The design and materials differ from later editions, which may include more elaborate covers or dust jackets. Original first editions often have specific binding details that help identify them.
