The publication date of Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a question often asked by literary enthusiasts and students alike. Understanding when this iconic work first appeared provides insight into its historical and cultural context, as well as its influence on literature and popular culture. In this article, we will explore the publication history of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, examining the circumstances of its debut, its initial reception, and its lasting legacy.
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The Origins and Context of the Publication
Historical Background of the 1880s
The late 19th century was a period of rapid change, marked by technological innovation, scientific discoveries, and shifting social norms. The Victorian era, characterized by moral strictness and social propriety, also saw a growing fascination with the darker aspects of human nature. This cultural backdrop played a significant role in shaping Stevenson’s novella.
During this time, debates about psychology, morality, and the nature of evil were prevalent. The emergence of new scientific ideas, such as the theory of dual personalities and the exploration of the subconscious, influenced writers and thinkers, including Stevenson.
Robert Louis Stevenson: The Author
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer. Known for his adventurous spirit and keen insight into human nature, Stevenson crafted stories that combined thrilling narratives with profound psychological themes. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was among his most famous works, showcasing his ability to delve into the complexities of human morality.
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First Publication of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Publication Date and Venue
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was first published in 1886. The initial appearance was in the form of a novella, which was included as part of the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a collection of Stevenson’s stories.
Specifically, the story was published as a standalone volume in London by Longmans, Green & Co., a prominent publishing house of the era. The novella was also serialized in the Pall Mall Gazette, a popular newspaper, before being compiled into the collection.
Serial Publication Details
- Date of Serialization: January to August 1886
- Publication Medium: The Pall Mall Gazette (a daily newspaper)
- Serialized Format: The story was published in eight installments, each building anticipation among readers.
Serialization was a common practice in Victorian England, allowing authors to reach a broad audience and generate interest in their work before the full publication.
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The First Book Publication
Compilation and Book Release
Following its serialization, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published as a standalone book in 1886. This edition was a small octavo volume, approximately 7 inches tall, with a simple yet elegant cover design.
Key details of the first book publication include:
- Publication Year: 1886
- Publisher: Longmans, Green & Co.
- Format: Hardcover, 141 pages
- Price: Approximately 5 shillings (a common price point for novellas at the time)
The book was widely circulated and quickly gained recognition, both critically and popularly.
Initial Reception and Impact
The novella was met with curiosity and intrigue, largely due to its chilling narrative and exploration of duality. Critics praised Stevenson’s storytelling abilities, while readers were captivated by the mysterious and moral themes.
The story’s success helped establish Stevenson’s reputation as a prominent author in Victorian England. It also sparked numerous adaptations and inspired countless other works exploring similar themes.
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Later Editions and Cultural Significance
Reprints and Annotated Editions
Since its original publication, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has been reprinted countless times in various editions. These include:
- Annotated editions for academic study
- Illustrated editions for children and general readers
- Special collector’s editions commemorating anniversaries
The story’s enduring popularity has cemented its place in literary history, influencing both literature and popular media.
Public Domain Status
Because Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published in 1886, it is now in the public domain. This means that it can be freely accessed, reproduced, and adapted without restrictions, further contributing to its continued relevance.
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The Cultural Legacy of the Publication Date
Impact on Literature and Popular Culture
The publication of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886 marked a significant milestone in Gothic and horror literature. Its themes of duality, the divided self, and the nature of evil have resonated through the decades. The novella has inspired:
- Numerous stage and film adaptations
- The portrayal of the "Jekyll and Hyde" character archetype in fiction
- Psychological studies on identity and morality
Historical Significance
Publishing in the Victorian era, the story reflected contemporary anxieties about scientific progress and moral decay. Its publication date situates it within a broader conversation about human nature and societal values during a time of rapid change.
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Summary of Key Facts
- Publication Year: 1886
- First serialized in: Pall Mall Gazette (January–August 1886)
- First standalone book publication: Longmans, Green & Co., 1886
- Format: Novella, approximately 141 pages
- Genre: Gothic fiction, horror, psychological thriller
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Conclusion
Understanding when Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published is crucial to appreciating its historical and literary significance. First appearing in 1886, the novella emerged amidst Victorian societal debates about morality, science, and human nature. Its serialization in the Pall Mall Gazette followed by the publication of the standalone volume helped it reach a wide audience, ensuring its place as a classic of Gothic and horror literature. The story’s themes continue to influence writers, filmmakers, and psychologists, making its 1886 publication a pivotal event in literary history.
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If you are interested in exploring more about the story, its themes, or its adaptations, numerous resources and editions are available that delve deeper into its fascinating history and cultural impact.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde first published?
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was first published in 1886.
Who authored Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and when was it released?
The novella was written by Robert Louis Stevenson and published in 1886.
Is 1886 the original publication year of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
Yes, the original publication of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was in 1886.
What is the significance of the year 1886 in relation to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
1886 marks the year when Robert Louis Stevenson published the novella for the first time.
Did Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde get published before or after 1890?
It was published well before 1890, specifically in 1886.
Has Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde been published in multiple editions since 1886?
Yes, since its initial publication in 1886, the novella has been published in numerous editions and formats.
Was Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde published during the Victorian era?
Yes, it was published in 1886, during the Victorian era.