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Historical and Literary Origins of "Bring Up the Bodies"
Shakespeare's Hamlet and the Phrase's Literary Roots
The phrase "bring up the bodies" is most famously associated with William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. In the play, the line appears during the graveyard scene where Hamlet reflects on death and the nature of mortality. The full line is: "Is she to be buried in Christian burial that wilfully seeks her own salvation? And from her working thoughts, I would not take her life." The gravedigger then responds with: "Is she to be buried in Christian burial that wilfully seeks her own salvation?—O, her soul's prayers may she be said. O, pray, can I not, I pray thee, mark:—When they are to be buried, say, I pray thee, for so I will, and I will, and I will, and I will, and I will. But first, to be laid in the earth; and in her grave, and in her grave, and in her grave:—and, to bring up the bodies."
This line, "bring up the bodies," is spoken by the gravedigger and refers to the process of exhuming coffins and preparing the bodies for burial. Its context underscores themes of mortality, the cyclical nature of life and death, and the physical realities of human existence. The phrase captures the gritty, somber act of handling the dead, highlighting Shakespeare's mastery in intertwining poetic language with profound existential themes.
Evolution of the Phrase Over Time
Though originating from Hamlet, the phrase "bring up the bodies" has evolved over centuries to acquire broader metaphorical meanings. Historically, it was used in legal and military contexts to describe the act of recovering bodies from battlefields or crime scenes. In the Victorian era, it took on a more macabre tone, often associated with funerary practices and the somber rituals surrounding death. The phrase also found its way into political discourse, sometimes used euphemistically to refer to uncovering inconvenient truths or dealing with difficult issues.
In contemporary usage, "bring up the bodies" is frequently employed in literary criticism, theatrical productions, and popular media to evoke themes of mortality, concealment, and revelation. Its enduring power lies in its visceral imagery and its capacity to evoke the physical act of unearthing or confronting the dead—whether literally or metaphorically.
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Thematic Significance of "Bring Up the Bodies"
Confronting Mortality and Human Frailty
At its core, "bring up the bodies" symbolizes the inevitable confrontation with mortality. It reminds us of the physicality of death—the process of dealing with bodies, the rituals of burial, and the return of the dead to the earth. In literature and art, this phrase often prompts reflection on human fragility and the transient nature of life. It serves as a stark reminder that beneath the veneer of civilization lies a universal truth: all living beings will eventually be brought up from the earth.
Uncovering Hidden Truths
Beyond its literal meaning, "bring up the bodies" has come to signify uncovering hidden truths or confronting uncomfortable realities. Whether in political scandals, personal secrets, or historical injustices, the phrase evokes the act of bringing suppressed or concealed information into the light. It encapsulates the tension between concealment and revelation, emphasizing that, like bodies buried beneath the ground, secrets may remain hidden for a time but are ultimately destined to surface.
Reckoning and Justice
In many contexts, "bring up the bodies" is associated with justice—an act of accountability. It can symbolize the process of seeking justice for wrongdoings, whether through legal means or moral reckoning. The phrase suggests that ignoring or suppressing the truth is unsustainable; eventually, the "bodies"—metaphorically representing past sins or crimes—must be acknowledged and dealt with.
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Modern Cultural References and Usage
In Literature and Theatre
Modern playwrights, authors, and filmmakers continue to draw upon the phrase's evocative power. For example, in Hilary Mantel's Bring Up the Bodies, the phrase is adapted into the title of her historical novel about Thomas Cromwell and the Tudor court. This work explores themes of political intrigue, power, and the human cost of ambition, with the title metaphorically referencing the uncovering of political "bodies"—both literal and figurative.
In Popular Media and Entertainment
The phrase has been popularized further through its association with Hamlet, and it is often used in film and television to evoke dark, somber themes. It also appears in crime dramas when characters are tasked with uncovering evidence or dealing with the aftermath of violence.
In Political and Social Discourse
Politicians and journalists sometimes use "bring up the bodies" metaphorically to describe uncovering scandals or addressing uncomfortable issues. For example, a political leader might be urged to "bring up the bodies" of past misconduct to restore transparency and accountability.
In Art and Cultural Commentary
Artists and critics may interpret "bring up the bodies" as a commentary on societal denial or suppression of difficult truths, urging societies to confront their histories, injustices, or collective traumas.
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Implications and Reflection in Contemporary Society
Dealing with Historical Injustice
In recent decades, the phrase has taken on significance in the context of truth and reconciliation processes, especially concerning historical injustices such as war crimes, genocide, or systemic discrimination. The act of "bringing up the bodies" becomes a metaphor for acknowledging and addressing past atrocities to foster healing and understanding.
Psychological and Personal Growth
On a personal level, "bring up the bodies" can relate to confronting one's past—facing fears, regrets, or traumas that have been buried. Psychologically, this process is essential for growth and healing, emphasizing that avoiding uncomfortable truths only prolongs suffering.
The Role of Media and Journalism
Investigative journalism often involves "bringing up the bodies"—uncovering corruption, abuse, or misconduct that has been hidden beneath layers of silence. The phrase encapsulates the vital role of the media in holding power to account and ensuring transparency.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations
While uncovering truths is crucial, it also raises ethical questions about privacy, respect for the dead, and the potential harm caused by revealing sensitive information. The act of "bringing up the bodies" must be balanced with compassion and responsibility.
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Conclusion: The Enduring Power of the Phrase
"Bring up the bodies" is a potent phrase that encapsulates themes of mortality, truth, justice, and revelation. From its origins in Shakespeare's Hamlet to its modern adaptations across literature, media, and societal discourse, it continues to evoke a visceral response and serve as a metaphor for confronting the realities that lie beneath surface appearances. Whether dealing with the literal act of exhumation or the metaphorical process of uncovering hidden truths, the phrase reminds us of the importance of honesty, accountability, and the inevitable cycle of life and death. As society continues to grapple with its histories and personal histories alike, "bring up the bodies" remains a compelling call to face the realities that shape our collective and individual lives.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 'Bring Up the Bodies' about?
'Bring Up the Bodies' is a historical crime novel by Hilary Mantel, focusing on Thomas Cromwell's role in the downfall and execution of Anne Boleyn during Henry VIII's reign.
Is 'Bring Up the Bodies' part of a series?
Yes, it is the second book in Hilary Mantel's Thomas Cromwell trilogy, following 'Wolf Hall' and preceding 'The Mirror and the Light.'
Has 'Bring Up the Bodies' won any awards?
Yes, 'Bring Up the Bodies' won the Booker Prize in 2012 and received widespread critical acclaim for its historical accuracy and compelling narrative.
How does 'Bring Up the Bodies' differ from 'Wolf Hall'?
'Bring Up the Bodies' continues the story of Thomas Cromwell, focusing specifically on the events leading to Anne Boleyn's execution, with a more intense focus on political intrigue and court machinations compared to 'Wolf Hall.'
Has 'Bring Up the Bodies' been adapted into any other media?
Yes, the novel was adapted into a stage play by the Royal Shakespeare Company, and there have been discussions about a television adaptation due to its popularity.
What themes are explored in 'Bring Up the Bodies'?
The novel explores themes of power, loyalty, political manipulation, betrayal, and the complexities of human morality within the Tudor court.
