"That Was Then, This Is Now" is a compelling coming-of-age novel by S.E. Hinton that explores themes of friendship, change, identity, and the struggles of adolescence. The phrase "That Was Then, This Is Now" is often used to reflect on how people and circumstances evolve over time, and the story encapsulates this idea through its characters and plot. In this article, we will delve into a detailed summary of the novel, examining its main themes, characters, plot development, and overall significance.
Overview of "That Was Then, This Is Now"
"That Was Then, This Is Now" was published in 1971 and is considered one of S.E. Hinton’s classic works, following her debut novel "The Outsiders." Set in Oklahoma, the story focuses on the complex friendship between two teenage boys, Bryon and Mark, and how their relationship is tested by external pressures, personal growth, and moral dilemmas.
The novel is a reflection of the turbulent period of adolescence, highlighting how individuals change and how those changes can lead to conflict, reconciliation, and understanding. The title itself signifies the transition from past behaviors, beliefs, and identities to new ones—an ongoing process that many young people face.
Main Characters and Their Development
Understanding the characters is crucial to grasping the novel's themes. Here's an overview:
Bryon Douglas
- The narrator and protagonist.
- Responsible, cautious, and somewhat reserved.
- Struggles with the moral implications of his actions and those of his friends.
- His character arc involves confronting his values and making difficult decisions.
Mark Jennings
- Bryon's best friend.
- Charismatic, impulsive, and rebellious.
- Engages in risky behaviors, including drug use and petty theft.
- Represents youthful rebellion and the desire for freedom.
Charlie
- Bryon’s younger brother.
- Innocent and naive.
- His innocence highlights the contrast between childhood and adolescence.
Other Supporting Characters
- M&M: Mark’s girlfriend, representing a different perspective on life.
- Cathy: Bryon’s love interest, who symbolizes stability and the possibility of a different path.
Plot Summary
The novel’s narrative revolves around the evolving friendship between Bryon and Mark, set against the backdrop of their small-town life. The story unfolds in several key phases:
Introduction and Friendship
- Bryon and Mark are best friends who spend their days hanging out, causing trouble, and enjoying their youth.
- Their friendship is strong but begins to show signs of strain as their personalities and life choices diverge.
- Mark’s reckless behavior and drug use start to concern Bryon, who is more cautious.
Conflict and Moral Dilemmas
- A major turning point occurs when Mark’s impulsiveness leads to criminal activity, including theft and assault.
- Bryon begins to feel conflicted about his loyalty to Mark and his own moral compass.
- The friendship begins to fracture as Bryon distances himself from Mark’s actions.
Changing Lives and Personal Growth
- Bryon starts to pursue a different life, focusing on his future and relationships like Cathy.
- Mark's downward spiral continues, and he becomes increasingly involved in dangerous activities.
- The novel explores themes of responsibility, morality, and the importance of choices.
Climax and Resolution
- Tensions culminate in a violent confrontation that leads to Mark’s arrest.
- Bryon is left to reflect on their friendship and the inevitable changes brought by growing up.
- The story concludes with Bryon contemplating the future, recognizing that "that was then"—the past of youthful rebellion—and "this is now," a new chapter of maturity and responsibility.
Thematic Analysis
"That Was Then, This Is Now" is rich with themes that resonate with adolescent readers and adults alike. Below are some of the central themes explored in the novel:
Change and Growth
- The core of the story is about personal transformation.
- Characters evolve, often painfully, as they confront their beliefs and choices.
- The phrase "that was then, this is now" encapsulates this ongoing process of change.
Friendship and Loyalty
- The complex relationship between Bryon and Mark highlights the challenges of loyalty.
- Bryon’s internal conflict demonstrates how friendship can both support and hinder personal growth.
Morality and Responsibility
- The novel examines how adolescents grapple with moral decisions.
- Bryon’s struggle to do what is right versus what is easy underscores the importance of responsibility.
Rebellion and Conformity
- Mark’s rebellious nature contrasts with Bryon’s cautious approach.
- The story explores the allure of rebellion and the consequences of defying societal norms.
Class and Environment
- Set in a small town, the novel reflects the socio-economic environment influencing the characters’ lives.
- The limitations and opportunities of their surroundings impact their choices.
Major Themes Explored in Detail
Adolescence and Identity
- The novel vividly depicts the tumult of adolescence, where identity is fluid.
- Characters struggle to define themselves amid peer pressure and societal expectations.
Freedom versus Responsibility
- Mark’s reckless pursuit of freedom contrasts with Bryon’s desire for stability.
- The story questions whether true freedom requires responsibility.
Love and Relationships
- Bryon’s relationship with Cathy symbolizes a desire for stability.
- Mark’s relationship with M&M highlights youthful rebellion and impulsiveness.
- These relationships serve as mirrors to their inner conflicts.
Societal Expectations and Personal Choice
- The characters’ actions are influenced by societal norms and personal morals.
- The novel prompts readers to consider the importance of making independent choices.
Symbolism and Literary Devices
S.E. Hinton employs various literary devices to enhance the storytelling:
- Symbolism: The title itself symbolizes the inevitable passage of time and change.
- Foreshadowing: Early indications of Mark’s risky behavior foreshadow later conflicts.
- Dialogue: Authentic dialogue captures the voice of teenagers and heightens realism.
- Internal Monologue: Bryon’s reflections reveal his moral struggles and growth.
Critical Reception and Significance
"That Was Then, This Is Now" has been praised for its honest portrayal of adolescence and the moral complexities young people face. Critics highlight Hinton’s ability to capture the raw emotions and conflicts of youth, making the novel a timeless piece relevant for readers across generations.
The novel’s significance lies in its exploration of change—how individuals evolve over time and how past selves differ from present ones. It challenges readers to reflect on their own journeys and the choices that shape their lives.
Conclusion
"That Was Then, This Is Now" offers a powerful narrative about the inevitable changes that come with growing up. Its themes of friendship, morality, and self-discovery resonate deeply, making it a vital read for anyone navigating the complex landscape of adolescence. The phrase "that was then, this is now" encapsulates the essence of the novel—an acknowledgment that change is constant, and embracing it is part of the human experience. Through its compelling characters and thought-provoking themes, the novel continues to inspire reflection on how we evolve and the importance of making moral, responsible choices along the way.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main theme of 'That Was Then, This Is Now' by S.E. Hinton?
The novel explores themes of friendship, change, and the transition from adolescence to adulthood, highlighting how people grow apart and face life's challenges.
Can you provide a brief summary of 'That Was Then, This Is Now'?
The story follows two best friends, Bryon and Mark, as they navigate their teenage years, dealing with issues like crime, relationships, and personal growth, ultimately highlighting how their lives diverge over time.
Who are the main characters in 'That Was Then, This Is Now'?
The main characters are Bryon Douglas, Mark Twain, Cathy, and M&M, each facing their own struggles as they grow up.
What are some of the critical lessons learned from 'That Was Then, This Is Now'?
The novel teaches about the importance of making responsible choices, understanding change, and the complexity of friendship and loyalty during adolescence.
How does 'That Was Then, This Is Now' compare to other works by S.E. Hinton?
Like her other novels such as 'The Outsiders,' it explores themes of friendship, identity, and social struggles among teenagers, capturing authentic adolescent experiences.
Why is 'That Was Then, This Is Now' considered a relevant read for teenagers today?
It addresses timeless issues like peer pressure, identity, and moral dilemmas, making it relatable for modern teens facing similar challenges.
What is the significance of the title 'That Was Then, This Is Now'?
The title reflects the central theme of change over time—how past experiences and childhood memories contrast with present realities and growth.
Where can I find a detailed summary or analysis of 'That Was Then, This Is Now'?
You can find detailed summaries and analyses on educational websites, literary study guides, and book review platforms such as SparkNotes, CliffsNotes, or Shmoop.
