Overview of "Everyday Use"
"Everyday Use" is a short story narrated by Mama, an African American woman living in the rural South. The story unfolds as Mama is preparing for the visit of her daughter Dee, who has adopted a new identity and attitude towards her heritage. In contrast, Mama’s other daughter, Maggie, is shy and scarred from a house fire, representing a more traditional connection to their family’s past. As the story progresses, the conflicts between Dee and Maggie highlight differing perceptions of cultural identity and the significance of familial artifacts.
Characters
The characters in "Everyday Use" are integral to understanding the story's themes.
1. Mama: The narrator and mother of Dee and Maggie, Mama is a large, strong woman who has worked hard to provide for her family. Her practical approach to life and heritage contrasts sharply with Dee's ideals.
2. Dee (Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo): Dee is educated, confident, and embodies a modern interpretation of African American identity. She changes her name to Wangero to reflect her new beliefs and appears to value cultural artifacts primarily for their aesthetic and symbolic value.
3. Maggie: The younger sister, Maggie, is timid and self-conscious, having been scarred in a fire. She represents a more authentic connection to their heritage, understanding the meaning and stories behind family heirlooms.
Major Themes
"Everyday Use" addresses several important themes that resonate with readers.
1. Heritage and Identity: The most prominent theme is the different ways in which heritage is understood and valued. Dee views heritage as something to be displayed and admired, while Mama and Maggie see it as a living part of their daily lives.
2. Conflict Between Tradition and Modernity: The story juxtaposes traditional values with modern interpretations of cultural identity. Dee's new perspective is often seen as a rejection of her roots, while Mama and Maggie's connection to their family history is portrayed as authentic and meaningful.
3. Feminism and Empowerment: The story also touches on feminist themes, particularly through Dee's character, who seeks to reclaim her identity in a patriarchal society. However, Mama and Maggie represent the strength of women who find empowerment in their everyday roles.
4. The Role of Objects: The quilts and the churn top symbolize the characters' relationships with their heritage. For Dee, these items are artifacts of cultural significance, while for Mama and Maggie, they embody family history and memories.
Plot Summary
The story begins with Mama’s description of her life and her relationship with her daughters. As she prepares for Dee’s visit, she reflects on her past and the painful experiences that have shaped her family.
- Dee’s Arrival: When Dee arrives, she is accompanied by her partner, Hakim-a-barber. Her new appearance and attitude starkly contrast with her mother and sister, creating tension.
- The Conflict: Dee expresses a desire to take family heirlooms, specifically the quilts that Mama had promised to Maggie. This request leads to a confrontation, as Mama realizes that Dee views these items not as a part of their family history but as symbols of her cultural identity.
- Resolution: In a pivotal moment, Mama asserts her authority by refusing to give the quilts to Dee, ultimately deciding they belong to Maggie. This decision symbolizes Mama’s recognition of the true value of their heritage and her daughter’s connection to it.
Symbolism in "Everyday Use"
Symbolism plays a crucial role in conveying the story’s themes.
1. The Quilts: The quilts are the central symbol of heritage and identity. They are made from scraps of clothing worn by family members, representing the continuity of family history. While Dee sees them as mere artifacts, Mama and Maggie understand their deeper significance.
2. The Churn Top: This object symbolizes the daily use of heritage. It represents the hard work and tradition of their family, contrasting with Dee's desire to preserve items as museum pieces.
3. Names: Dee’s name change to Wangero reflects her attempt to reclaim African heritage, but it also signifies her disconnection from her family. In contrast, Mama and Maggie’s names represent their roots and the history they carry.
Critical Reception and Impact
"Everyday Use" has received critical acclaim for its exploration of complex themes related to race, gender, and heritage. It has been widely studied in academic settings and has sparked discussions about the meaning of cultural identity in contemporary society.
- Influence on Literature: Alice Walker's work has had a profound impact on the African American literary canon, and "Everyday Use" is often cited as an essential text in discussions of race and feminism.
- Adaptations: The story has inspired various adaptations, including stage performances and film interpretations, further extending its reach and influence.
Accessing "Everyday Use by Alice Walker PDF"
For readers interested in exploring "Everyday Use," the Everyday Use by Alice Walker PDF can often be found through various educational resources and literary websites. Here are some tips for accessing the PDF:
1. Educational Websites: Many universities provide free access to literary texts for students and the public. Websites like JSTOR or Project Gutenberg may have accessible versions.
2. Library Resources: Public and university libraries often offer digital copies of literary works. Using library databases or e-book lending services can be a great way to access the text.
3. Purchase Options: If a free PDF is not available, consider purchasing a copy of the book which often includes "Everyday Use" as part of a collection.
4. Online Retailers: Websites like Amazon or Barnes & Noble often have e-book versions that can be read on various devices.
Conclusion
"Everyday Use" by Alice Walker is a profound exploration of heritage, identity, and the complexities of familial relationships. The story's rich symbolism and thematic depth make it a significant work in American literature. As readers engage with the text, they are invited to reflect on their own understanding of heritage and the ways in which it shapes identity. The availability of the Everyday Use by Alice Walker PDF allows for broader access to this essential narrative, encouraging discussions about culture, tradition, and the meaning of everyday life. Whether studied in an academic setting or enjoyed independently, Walker’s story continues to inspire and provoke thought among readers.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main theme of 'Everyday Use' by Alice Walker?
The main theme of 'Everyday Use' revolves around the concepts of heritage and identity, exploring how different individuals perceive and value their cultural background.
Where can I find a PDF version of 'Everyday Use' by Alice Walker?
You can find a PDF version of 'Everyday Use' through various educational websites, online libraries, or by purchasing it from authorized retailers.
Who are the main characters in 'Everyday Use'?
The main characters in 'Everyday Use' include Mama (the narrator), Dee (the daughter), and Maggie (the younger daughter). Each character represents different attitudes toward heritage.
What is the significance of the quilts in 'Everyday Use'?
The quilts symbolize heritage and family history, representing the practical and emotional connections to the past that each character interprets differently.
How does Alice Walker illustrate the conflict between tradition and modernity in 'Everyday Use'?
Alice Walker illustrates the conflict through the differing views of Dee, who embraces a more modern and superficial interpretation of her heritage, versus Mama and Maggie, who value a deeper, practical connection to their ancestry.
What literary devices are prominently used in 'Everyday Use'?
Walker employs symbolism, imagery, and contrasting characterizations to enhance the themes of cultural identity and the varying interpretations of heritage.
Is 'Everyday Use' a short story or a novel?
'Everyday Use' is a short story that was first published in 1973 and is often included in anthologies of contemporary literature.
What lesson can be learned from the ending of 'Everyday Use'?
The ending of 'Everyday Use' teaches the importance of understanding and valuing one's heritage in a way that is genuine and rooted in personal experience, rather than superficial acknowledgment.
